it is rather structurally akin to an iceberg, the bulk of it lying below the. In the iceberg metaphor the entire id and part of both the superego and the ego would be submerged in the underwater portion representing the unconscious mind. freud Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was a physiologist. – psychosexual: something which relates to both psychological and sexual features. The iceberg metaphor is a commonly used visual metaphor when attempting to relate the ego, id and superego with the conscious and unconscious mind. – neurosis: A mental disorder characterised by fear and/or anxiety less acute than psychosis because there is no evidence of a detachment from reality (e.g., in the form of hallucinations). Roughly 90 of icebergs are underwater, and Fechner proposed that many of our mental influences are similarly below the surface. Eating and the pleasure derived from sucking (nipples, pacifiers, and thumbs) play a large part in a baby’s first year of life. Freud considered we are largely unaware of why we do the things we do – a notion which is still much discussed by those researching memory.įreud’s ideas have not remained unchallenged by critics – a feature which is to some extent the result of his primary focus on sexuality as the fundamental driver of most aspects of human personality development. Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development Table 11.1 Oral Stage In the oral stage (birth to 1 year), pleasure is focused on the mouth. ![]() According to Freud, the successful negotiation of these internal conflicts will lead to the progressive mastery of each developmental stage, and thus lead ultimately to the development of a fully mature personality.Ī central feature of Freudian belief is the importance of unconscious processes: Using an iceberg analogy, Freud suggested the conscious mind was merely the tip of the iceberg, with the unconscious mind represented by the vast expanse of ice submerged below. According to Freud, the hidden part of the iceberg represents our unconscious mind which consists of instincts, fears, and selfish motives. Theory: Iceberg Topographical Theory Theorist: Sigmund Freud Biography: Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis was born in Freiberg, Germany on May. And every stage presents the child with a conflict between his own biologically driven needs and social expectations. In Freud’s view, personality is acquired and developed during childhood, and is critically shaped via a succession of five psychosexual stages – the Freudian psychosexual theory of development. Freud’s “structural theory” of personality emphasises the major importance of how conflicts among these sectors of the mind – which are primarily unconscious – shape and influence our behaviour and personality.
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